请务必先看此文章: 【Python】Matplotlib局部放大图画法(https://juejin.cn/post/6844904183548608520)

这篇文章已经非常详细,但是没有数据,所以自己生成了一些数据,以及对部分代码进行了函数封装,以便于二次使用。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import  ConnectionPatch
import numpy as np

def zone_and_linked(ax,axins,zone_left,zone_right,x,y,linked='bottom',
                    x_ratio=0.05,y_ratio=0.05):
    """缩放内嵌图形,并且进行连线
    ax:         调用plt.subplots返回的画布。例如: fig,ax = plt.subplots(1,1)
    axins:      内嵌图的画布。 例如 axins = ax.inset_axes((0.4,0.1,0.4,0.3))
    zone_left:  要放大区域的横坐标左端点
    zone_right: 要放大区域的横坐标右端点
    x:          X轴标签
    y:          列表,所有y值
    linked:     进行连线的位置,{'bottom','top','left','right'}
    x_ratio:    X轴缩放比例
    y_ratio:    Y轴缩放比例
    """
    xlim_left = x[zone_left]-(x[zone_right]-x[zone_left])*x_ratio
    xlim_right = x[zone_right]+(x[zone_right]-x[zone_left])*x_ratio

    y_data = np.hstack([yi[zone_left:zone_right] for yi in y])
    ylim_bottom = np.min(y_data)-(np.max(y_data)-np.min(y_data))*y_ratio
    ylim_top = np.max(y_data)+(np.max(y_data)-np.min(y_data))*y_ratio

    axins.set_xlim(xlim_left, xlim_right)
    axins.set_ylim(ylim_bottom, ylim_top)

    ax.plot([xlim_left,xlim_right,xlim_right,xlim_left,xlim_left],
            [ylim_bottom,ylim_bottom,ylim_top,ylim_top,ylim_bottom],"black")

    if linked == 'bottom':
        xyA_1, xyB_1 = (xlim_left,ylim_top), (xlim_left,ylim_bottom)
        xyA_2, xyB_2 = (xlim_right,ylim_top), (xlim_right,ylim_bottom)
    elif  linked == 'top':
        xyA_1, xyB_1 = (xlim_left,ylim_bottom), (xlim_left,ylim_top)
        xyA_2, xyB_2 = (xlim_right,ylim_bottom), (xlim_right,ylim_top)
    elif  linked == 'left':
        xyA_1, xyB_1 = (xlim_right,ylim_top), (xlim_left,ylim_top)
        xyA_2, xyB_2 = (xlim_right,ylim_bottom), (xlim_left,ylim_bottom)
    elif  linked == 'right':
        xyA_1, xyB_1 = (xlim_left,ylim_top), (xlim_right,ylim_top)
        xyA_2, xyB_2 = (xlim_left,ylim_bottom), (xlim_right,ylim_bottom)
        
    con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=xyA_1,xyB=xyB_1,coordsA="data",
                          coordsB="data",axesA=axins,axesB=ax)
    axins.add_artist(con)
    con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=xyA_2,xyB=xyB_2,coordsA="data",
                          coordsB="data",axesA=axins,axesB=ax)
    axins.add_artist(con)

添加局部放大图

# 绘制缩放图
axins = ax.inset_axes((0.4, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3))

# 在缩放图中也绘制主图所有内容,然后根据限制横纵坐标来达成局部显示的目的
axins.plot(x,y1,color='#f0bc94',label='trick-1',alpha=0.7)
axins.plot(x,y2,color='#7fe2b3',label='trick-2',alpha=0.7)
axins.plot(x,y3,color='#cba0e6',label='trick-3',alpha=0.7)

# 局部显示并且进行连线
zone_and_linked(ax, axins, 100, 150, x , [y1,y2,y3], 'right')

plt.show()

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45826022/article/details/113486448